Knowing these 5 types of wine and their characteristics will help you navigate a wine menu with confidence and poise. From red to white, sweet to dry, learn about the various types of wine to help you make informed choices.

Knowing these 5 types of wine and their characteristics will help you navigate a wine menu with confidence and poise. From red to white, sweet to dry, learn about the various types of wine to help you make informed choices.


5 Different Types of Wine

You think you know Prosecco? Think again.
Master of Wine Christine Marsiglio takes us to the extraordinary corner of Northeastern Italy that is the one and only home of Prosecco DOC. Discover why Prosecco isn&#39;t just a type of sparkling wine, but a legally protected geographical name with a history stretching back to Ancient Rome.
Learn about the unique climate, the native Glera grape, and the passionate people who have worked for centuries to protect the wine’s authenticity. We&#39;ll show you the official seal that guarantees you&#39;re drinking the real thing and set the stage for understanding what makes this iconic bubbly so special.
Come explore the place, the people, and the passion behind every bottle.
<img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/3CHKtVoH7KxrXNhQwz7HMY/b476128fc89c0b2ba70fe46bf170f39b/image.png" alt="Prosecco EU logos">

Prosecco DOC: The Place Behind the Bubbles

Ever walked into a wine shop, stared at the wall of bottles, and felt a little panic set in? The wine world has over a thousand <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/">grape varieties</a>, countless <a href="https://winefolly.com/regions/">regions</a>, and labels filled with foreign words or cryptic details. For beginners, it can feel like a test you’re destined to fail.
That’s why so many people just grab the cheapest bottle, pick something based on the label design, or default to a name they’ve heard before. The problem? That approach often leads to hit-or-miss experiences. 
The truth is you don’t need to memorize every grape or study encyclopedias of wine regions. What you need is a simple foundation; a way to categorize wine and ask better questions. Once you understand a few big concepts, the wine aisle goes from overwhelming to exciting.
<h2 id="step-one-understand-the-basics">Step One: Understand the Basics</h2>
At its core, wine is fermented grape juice — but <a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/table-grapes-vs-wine-grapes/">not the same kind you snack on</a>. Wine grapes are different: they’re smaller, packed with sugar, and have thicker skins and seeds. These traits give wine its tannins, acidity, and complex flavors.
The first “aha” moment for most beginners is learning about vintage, which is <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/wine-vintages-and-why-they-matter/">the year printed on a wine label</a>. Vintage isn’t just a number; it tells you when the grapes were harvested and what the weather was like that year. Warmer, sunnier years usually produce riper, richer wines. Cooler, wetter years lead to lighter, fresher wines with higher acidity.
Here’s the kicker: Even if you buy the same wine from the same winery, the taste can change dramatically from one vintage to the next. This is called <a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/why-you-need-to-know-about-vintage-variation/">vintage variation</a>, and it’s one of the reasons wine is so endlessly fascinating. Once you notice it, you’ll start paying attention not just to the grape variety, but to the year and where it was made.
<h2 id="step-two-climate-is-your-secret-weapon">Step Two: Climate Is Your Secret Weapon</h2>
If you learn just one big takeaway from this wine basics guide, it should be this: climate has a huge impact on taste.
Most wine grapes grow within the “<a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/start-planning-now-wine-harvest-season/">Wine Belt</a>”; roughly 30–50° latitude north and 30–45° south. Within this zone, the temperature and weather shape the style of the wine.
Warm climate wines (think <a href="https://paso.guides.winefolly.com">Paso Robles</a> in California, Mendoza in <a href="https://argentina.guides.winefolly.com">Argentina</a>, or Barossa in Australia) tend to be bold, fruity, and full-bodied. Grapes ripen more fully, producing higher sugar levels, which translate to more alcohol and lush fruit flavors.
<a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/cool-climate-wine/">Cool climate wines</a> (Champagne in France, Oregon’s Willamette Valley, or Germany’s Mosel) are leaner, with brighter acidity and fresher, tart fruit notes. They often feel lighter, more elegant, and refreshing.
This explains why a Cabernet Sauvignon from <a href="https://napa.guides.winefolly.com">Napa Valley</a> bursts with blackberry and vanilla, while a Cabernet from <a href="https://bordeaux.guides.winefolly.com">Bordeaux</a> might be more herbal, structured, and earthy. Same grape, but the climate creates a completely different experience.
Understanding this simple warm vs. cool climate distinction will immediately help you predict whether a wine will be bold and fruit-forward or light and zippy—without having to taste it first.
<h2 id="step-three-simplify-with-9-wine-styles">Step Three: Simplify With 9 Wine Styles</h2>
Here’s where most people get stuck: there are too many grapes to remember. Instead of cramming hundreds of names into your brain, focus on <a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/the-9-major-wine-styles/">nine core wine styles</a>. These styles give you a framework to understand the wine world without getting lost in the details.
<ul>
<li>Sparkling wines</li>
<li>Light-bodied whites</li>
<li>Aromatic whites</li>
<li>Full-bodied whites</li>
<li>Rosé &amp; orange wines</li>
<li>Light-bodied reds</li>
<li>Medium-bodied reds</li>
<li>Full-bodied reds</li>
<li>Dessert &amp; fortified wines</li>
</ul>
Each style has a benchmark wine — the classic example everyone should know — and plenty of value alternatives that offer great quality without the high price tag.
<h3 id="wine-style-examples">Wine Style Examples:</h3>
Full-bodied red wines: Benchmark → Cabernet Sauvignon (the most planted grape in the world). Value → Petite Sirah (U.S.) or Alicante Bouschet (Portugal).
Medium-bodied reds: Benchmark → Côtes-du-Rhône blends. Value → Montepulciano d’Abruzzo from Italy.
Light-bodied reds: Benchmark → Pinot Noir. Value → Frappato from Sicily, which has similar delicate flavors at a fraction of the price.
Sparkling wines: Benchmark → Champagne. Value → Spanish Cava, made with the same method but usually much cheaper.
Light-bodied whites: Benchmark → Pinot Grigio. Value → Picpoul de Pinet from southern France.
When you think in terms of styles, you don’t need to memorize endless grapes or regions. You just need to know which style you enjoy and use that to guide your choices.
<h2 id="step-four-learn-to-taste-like-a-pro">Step Four: Learn to Taste Like a Pro</h2>
Knowing wine basics is one thing. Actually enjoying the wine in your glass is another. You don’t need to be a sommelier to taste wine like a pro; you just need a few simple techniques.
Get the right tools: A good corkscrew (a “waiter’s friend”) and <a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/6-wine-glasses-rule-them-all/">a proper glass</a> are essentials. A great wine glass isn’t about the shape being fancy, it’s about leaving enough space above the wine to trap aromas.
Pour smart: A proper pour is just <a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/how-many-glasses-bottle-wine/">5 ounces (150 ml)</a>. It looks small, but it gives you room to swirl the wine, releasing those amazing aromas.
Smell before sipping: This is the biggest tasting tip. Most of wine’s flavor comes through <a href="https://shop.winefolly.com/products/wine-aroma-wheel-chart-set?">aroma</a>. If you skip smelling, you’re missing half the experience. A Bordeaux might taste like just “red wine” until you notice its notes of black currant, cedar, or peppercorn.
Wine tasting isn’t about snobbery or memorizing flavor wheels. It’s about slowing down and paying attention. Smell, sip, and let your senses guide you, that’s how you’ll start to notice the differences between styles and vintages.
<h2 id="bringing-it-all-together">Bringing It All Together</h2>
With this simple framework, the wine shop wall no longer looks intimidating. Instead, you’ll see patterns and possibilities.
<ul>
<li>Vintage tells you how the weather shaped the wine.
</li>
<li>Climate predicts whether the wine is bold and fruity or light and elegant.
</li>
<li>Nine wine styles give you a shortcut for understanding thousands of bottles.
</li>
<li>Tasting tips help you get more enjoyment from every sip.
</li>
</ul>
Suddenly, you’re not just buying wine; you’re choosing with confidence. You can walk into a shop and say, “I love full-bodied reds, what’s a good value alternative to Cabernet?” or “I’m in the mood for a crisp, light-bodied white from a cool climate.” That’s the language of someone who knows what they want.
<h2 id="keep-learning-and-exploring">Keep Learning and Exploring</h2>
Wine is a lifelong adventure, and the more you learn, the more rewarding it becomes. If you want to make your knowledge official, check out <a href="https://winefolly.com/courses/">Wine Folly’s online wine courses</a>. From beginner wine basics to advanced sommelier-level training, these classes make wine education fun, fast, and approachable.
The most important thing? Keep tasting, keep comparing, and keep asking questions. Wine isn’t meant to be intimidating — it’s meant to be enjoyed. And now you’ve got the tools to do exactly that.

How to Start Drinking Better Wine with Confidence

Asti is Piedmont’s fizzy side hustle; the region where Moscato Bianco turns into wines so easy to drink they practically refill your glass for you. While Barolo gets all the headlines for being powerful and age-worthy, Asti shows off the lighter, sparkling, and more approachable side of Piedmont. Rolling hills, historic villages, and vineyards that hug the contours of the land create the perfect backdrop for Italy’s most iconic sweet and sparkling wines. 
<h2 id="meet-moscato-bianco-aka-muscat-blanc">Meet Moscato Bianco (aka Muscat Blanc)</h2>
The grape behind it all is <a href="https://winefolly.com/grapes/muscat-blanc/">Muscat Blanc</a>, one of Italy’s oldest grape varieties. Its signature traits (intense aromas of peach, orange blossom, and honeysuckle) make it a natural candidate for sparkling wine. Muscat Blanc’s thin skin and <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/understanding-acidity-in-wine/">high acidity</a> are perfect for fermentation techniques that retain freshness and preserve aromatic intensity. Understanding Moscato also means learning how sugar and acidity balance interact: the grape naturally produces high sugar levels, which winemakers transform into delicate, lively wines rather than cloying sweetness.
<h2 id="two-styles-one-grape">Two Styles, One Grape</h2>
Asti’s magic comes in two main expressions:
Moscato d’Asti: lightly sparkling and low in alcohol (around 5–6%), it’s a gently fizzy, aromatic wine that’s perfect for casual sipping or pairing with fresh fruit and pastries. Its restrained bubbles mean you can enjoy it throughout the day without feeling overwhelmed.
Asti Spumante: fully sparkling with higher carbonation and pressure, this style amps up the festive factor, making it ideal for celebrations, toasts, or any moment that deserves a glass of joy.
Both styles are crafted using the Asti Method, a variation of <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/how-sparkling-wine-is-made/">tank fermentation</a> that locks in fruitiness and aromatic intensity while keeping the wine lively. Unlike traditional Champagne, this method is about preserving freshness and making sparkling wine approachable for everyday enjoyment. Understanding this process helps explain why Asti wines are sweet yet crisp, aromatic, and so drinkable.
<h2 id="centuries-of-bubbles">Centuries of Bubbles</h2>
Asti’s history with sparkling wine goes back hundreds of years. Locals were capturing Moscato’s natural fizz as early as the 1500s, making it one of the world’s first sparkling wine regions. The region perfected <a href="https://winefolly.com/tips/alcohol-content-in-wine/">low-alcohol</a>, aromatic sparkling wines long before <a href="https://winefolly.com/wines/prosecco/">Prosecco</a> — or any other globally famous bubbly — claimed the spotlight. 
That historical context gives every sip a sense of place: centuries of experimentation, refinement, and careful vineyard work that continue to influence modern winemaking in Asti. Explore our <a href="https://winefolly.com/deep-dive/piedmont-wine-map-of-italy/">Piedmont guide</a> to see how Asti fits into the region’s wine story.
<h2 id="why-asti-belongs-in-your-fridge">Why Asti Belongs in Your Fridge</h2>
Asti wines are designed to bring joy, and their approachability makes them perfect for casual sipping, festive occasions, and culinary adventures alike. Watching the bubbles dance in a glass of Moscato d’Asti is a reminder that wine can be fun, educational, and delicious all at once. 
Watch the video and dive into Wine Folly’s <a href="https://asti.guides.winefolly.com">Asti Region Guide</a> to explore Piedmont’s most playful wines, learn more about Moscato Bianco, and get insider tips on tasting, pairing, and appreciating bubbles like a pro.
<img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/5wwhW7WPwA1suN1VoJdnAC/476da29a696936075c177316c09c9cc8/asti-emblem.png" alt="Asti Emblem">
<img src="//images.ctfassets.net/9dpm55oop5oi/lUqPQ3JzHcDxK0I79Flht/58b285ca296774ce64f5038b08982140/Asti_OCM.jpg" alt="Asti OCM">

Guide to Wine From Asti

Seneca Lake

Syrah

Exhibiting flavors of berry and red fruit, this delightfully balanced rosé will be sure to please. Pair with cheese, salads and good company.

Syrah Rose

In 1989 Sayre Fulkerson opened Fulkerson Winery with a release of just 1000 cases of wine.  Since then, we have steadily grown production while maintaining a stern focus on quality.  With 125 acres of vineyards planted, our portfolio showcases versatility and our dedication to the terroir of the Finger Lakes.  Our 25+ offerings include everything from Riesling to Cabernet Franc to Gruner Veltliner.  

United States

Fulkerson Winery

Chardonnay

Standing Stone Vineyard Blanc de Blanc

The Wiemer estate spans 90-acres of prime vineyard sites on the western slopes of Seneca Lake and the wines are among the most acclaimed in the region. Estate fruit is hand-harvested and hand-sorted, and vineyard qualities are worked in small lots and then blended to create wines of balance and texture. Fermentations rely on indigenous yeasts to ensure each wine embodies the truest expression of site. Our commitment to place draws on the same forward-thinking techniques and respect for the past that has fueled our mission since Hermann’s first block of Riesling was planted over forty years ago.
Our namesake & founder, Hermann Wiemer, hails from one of the best Riesling producing areas of the world, Bernkastel, Germany. His mother’s family had been making wine in Germany’s Mosel Valley for more than 300 years and Hermann spent the summers of his youth learning to graft by hand. His father had been in charge of the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bernkastel and was responsible for restoring vines in the Mosel region after WWII. Hermann discovered that the cool climate and gravelly soils of the Finger Lakes were similar to his family’s vineyards in the Mosel Valley. At a time when very few thought it was possible to grow vinifera varietals on Seneca Lake, Hermann believed that the unique soil types and moderating weather effects of the Finger Lakes would make it possible to produce great wines here.

In 2003, Hermann’s apprentice Fred Merwarth took charge of winemaking and vineyard management. Fred’s talent and ambition brought fresh energy and vision to the winery, placing it on a new trajectory. In 2007, Hermann officially retired, handing over the winery to Fred, who partnered with his university friend, Swedish agronomist Oskar Bynke, to carry on Hermann’s legacy. Over the last decade, they have embraced and expanded Hermann’s detail-oriented approach to viticulture and winemaking, extensively working on understanding the relationship between the vines and soils of the Finger Lakes.

Hermann J. Wiemer Vineyard

Santorini

Assyrtiko

Barrel Assyrtiko

THE WINERY OF DOMAINE SIGALAS IS NESTLED BETWEEN VINES ON THE ANCIENT SCENIC PLAIN OF OIA

Greece

Domaine Sigalas

Sicilia

Nero d'Avola

Among the scents of the Mediterranean bush and the breathtaking views,
the Colosi family cultivates its vineyards and produces unique wines that tell about Sicily

5 Different Types of Wine

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How to Start Drinking Better Wine with Confidence

Guide to Wine From Asti

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